Our stack. Your infrastructure.
We run a stack built for inclusive finance. We also tailor solutions to each country’s digital public-private infrastructure.
Our stack.
Circular Financial Identity and the Global Unified Ledger. Two layers that RootFi develops and operates, and that our ventures build on.
See the stack ↓Tailored solution for DPPI.
When a country’s digital public-private infrastructure lacks a component, we design and build it with the inclusive finance providers that leverage it.
See how we build ↓Each layer makes the other useful.
The ledger records each transaction a person makes. Financial identity turns that history into a standing that institutions recognise, across jurisdictions and financial ecosystems.
Circular Financial Identity
No financial record. No agency.
35%
of adults in low- and middle-income economies borrowed only from informal sources, such as family or friends.Source: World Bank, The Global Findex Database 2025.People who live in a cash economy leave no financial record. Without a credit history, institutions cannot assess them. They are offered products that do not fit their lives, or nothing at all, and they have little say in the matter.
Who a person is, financially.
Circular Financial Identity is built from a person’s own financial records. It starts with a decentralised KYC process and a practical financial literacy programme. Each transaction then adds to the record, and personalised guidance helps the person act on it. As the record grows, the person levels up their financial identity and gains access to more financial services.
Self-sovereignty
People control their own financial identity and decide what to share, and with whom.
Interoperability
One financial identity recognised across banking, lending, investment and insurance.
Privacy by design
Zero-knowledge proofs and multi-party computation keep the data a person discloses to a minimum.
Decentralisation
Financial identity data sits on distributed ledgers, with no single point of failure.
Reaching the Underserved
Circular Financial Identity and Circular Digital KYC.
Global Unified Ledger
When a country breaks, its finance breaks with it.
117 million
people were forcibly displaced worldwide at the end of June 2025.Source: UNHCR, Mid-Year Trends 2025.Ledgers stop at national borders, and each institution keeps its own. When war or a natural disaster strikes a country, its financial system can fail with it. People who flee lose access to their money and to the record of their financial lives. Regulators lose the data they need to restart the system. International agencies that run refugee camps have to build financial services from nothing.
Finance that goes where people go.
The Global Unified Ledger connects the ledgers of banks, payment providers and blockchain networks across borders. Each transaction is checked for compliance before it settles. The nodes that validate it never see the personal data behind it.
Portability of finance
People reach their money and their financial record wherever they are, including when they are displaced.
Interoperability
Banks, payment providers and blockchain networks settle with each other on one ledger, across chains and platforms.
Cross-jurisdiction collaboration
International agencies can set up and run temporary financial infrastructure and micro-economies, for example in a refugee camp.
Regulatory oversight
Regulators keep a resilient record of their financial system, so it can be restarted once the situation is back to normal.
Powering Inclusive Finance
The role of Defy’s Global Unified Ledger in overcoming systemic inefficiencies.
Building for each country’s infrastructure.
Digital public-private infrastructure is the digital, institutional and governance layer that public authorities, private innovators, development actors and community organisations build together. It lets inclusive finance reach people safely, affordably and at scale. It is not a technology stack alone.
Six pillars, built and tested.
Every digital public-private infrastructure for inclusive finance rests on six pillars. Defy Ventures is the technology arm that builds and tests them for governments and international agencies.
01
Inclusive identity and onboarding
Tiered KYC, alternative and community-verified identity, and authentication that works offline.
02
Low-cost digital transactions
Instant payments open to everyone, capped fees on micro-transactions, and interoperability between banks, fintechs and wallets.
03
Alternative data and open access
Privacy-preserving alternative credit models, open APIs for low-income segments, and risk scoring designed for inclusion.
04
Community-embedded interface
Agent networks, NGOs and cooperatives, hybrid online and offline channels, and culturally adapted design.
05
Safeguards, literacy and trust
Digital financial education, consumer protection adapted to low-literacy users, and grievance channels reachable through the community.
06
Public-private governance and financing
Joint governance councils, co-funded regulatory sandboxes and blended finance.
Governments and industry
Governance, rails and standards.
Inclusive finance service providers
Products, innovation and risk models.
NGOs and civil society
Reach, literacy and trust.
Development finance institutions
Financing, safeguards and alignment.
Illustrative. Each national infrastructure is designed with its own public, private, development and community partners.
01
Start from the national blueprint
We work from the priorities the country sets with its public, private, development and community partners.
02
Build what is missing
We design each component on open standards, so that any authorised participant can use it.
03
The regulator decides
Regulators validate what is built and decide whether our solutions are used.
Bring us the gap in your infrastructure.
Public institutions, regulators, international agencies and technology partners can reach the team.